{"id":19707,"date":"2026-11-05T14:49:14","date_gmt":"2026-11-05T13:49:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=19707"},"modified":"2026-11-06T10:06:03","modified_gmt":"2026-11-06T09:06:03","slug":"european-by-default-2026","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/publication\/european-by-default-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"European by Default 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The European Union (EU) faces a number of pressing challenges. It must enhance the competitiveness of its existing industries and invest in the technologies of the future, strengthen its defence capabilities, agree on its long-term budget, forge new partnerships and step up efforts to combat climate change. Germany has a pivotal role to play in addressing these challenges. The Federal Government has declared its ambition to take on a leading role within the EU. But how do German citizens perceive their country\u2019s role in the Union? What do they consider to be the key priorities? This study seeks to foster an empirically grounded debate on the future of Germany\u2019s European policy. Drawing on eight years of survey data, it provides a frame of reference for the strategic direction of that policy, offering context and guidance for its development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bThe long-term study is a project run by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boell.de\/de\">Heinrich B\u00f6ll Foundation<\/a> in collaboration with Das Progressive Zentrum and was carried out for the eighth consecutive year in 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-key-findings-of-the-representative-survey\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Findings of the Representative Survey<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><strong>Benefits of EU membership outweigh drawbacks; crises are best addressed at EU level<\/strong><\/strong>: The majority of respondents remain positive about Germany\u2019s membership in the EU. For 63 per cent, the benefits outweigh the drawbacks. Most respondents believe that current crises are more likely to be resolved at EU (54 per cent) than at national level (38 per cent). This preference extends across all surveyed policy areas (only exception: economy, 35 per cent): climate\/environmental protection (65 per cent), defence (63 per cent), foreign policy (59 per cent), migration\/asylum (57 per cent), digitalisation\/AI (52 per cent).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><strong>Call for proactive approach; majority supports compromises and pioneer coalitions<\/strong><\/strong><em><br><\/em>68 per cent of respondents believe that the German Government should play an active role within the EU. Also, 59 per cent support joint decision-making to ensure a strong Europe, even if this requires Germany to make compromises. In addition, 72 per cent favour the option of \u2018pioneer coalitions\u2019 when vetoes lead to deadlock.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><strong>Shifting priorities for additional EU investment: less emphasis on defence, greater support for climate action and social protection<\/strong><\/strong><em><br><\/em>Although respondents remain sceptical about the level of Germany\u2019s contribution to the EU budget, they support increased joint spending in specific policy areas, particularly internal security (41 per cent). Support for additional defence spending has fallen from 52 per cent in 2025 to 31 per cent. By contrast, support for spending on social security has risen from 23 per cent to 39 per cent, and on climate and environmental protection from 25 per cent to 37 per cent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><strong>Majority oppose relaxing climate targets<\/strong><\/strong><em><br><\/em>A combined majority of 62 per cent want the German Government to advocate in Brussels for maintaining the EU\u2019s existing climate targets (36 per cent) or setting even more ambitious targets (26 per cent). By contrast, 33 per cent favour relaxing the EU\u2019s climate targets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><strong>Strong support for measures to strengthen European industry, despite the costs<\/strong><br><\/strong>There is strong support for industrial and trade policy measures aimed at strengthening the European economy and enhancing its resilience. 88 per cent of respondents support <em>onshoring<\/em>, even if it entails higher costs; 77 per cent back a <em>\u2018buy European\u2019<\/em> approach; and 65 per cent support tariffs on low-cost imports from China.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><strong>Calls for greater independence from the US; split priorities regarding basis for new partnerships and EU enlargement<\/strong> <\/strong><em><br><\/em>According to 76 per cent of respondents, Europe should become more independent of the US and seek new partnerships. 49 per cent believe such partnerships should strengthen joint values (democracy, human rights), while 47 per cent prioritise economic and security interests. Support for EU enlargement is more limited: 40 per cent of respondents are in favour, while 49 per cent oppose it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center has-light-grey-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"917\" height=\"647\" src=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/11\/dpz_hbs_selbstverstaendlich_europaeisch_2026_abbildung_A_EN_v1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19710\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"912\" height=\"571\" src=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/11\/dpz_hbs_selbstverstaendlich_europaeisch_2026_abbildung_C_EN_v2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19708\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"918\" height=\"717\" src=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/11\/dpz_hbs_selbstverstaendlich_europaeisch_2026_abbildung_B_EN_v3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19709\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-trends-and-policy-recommendations\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trends and Policy Recommendations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><strong>Build European sovereignty through cooperation<\/strong><\/strong><em><br><\/em>The call for European sovereignty is a recurring theme throughout the findings, encompassing the EU\u2019s capacity to act, industrial resilience and independence from the US. Germany\u2019s European policy should seek to build a cooperative European sovereignty, not by pursuing isolationism, but by forging diversified partnerships guided by shared values and interests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><strong>Deepen EU Single Market; strengthen EU industry<\/strong><\/strong><em><br><\/em>The German Government should pursue an EU economic policy that deepens the Single Market by removing internal trade barriers and advancing the Capital Markets Union, while strengthening EU industry through joint investment and industrial policy instruments. This would help demonstrate the EU\u2019s capacity to address economic challenges.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><strong>Integrate Europe\u2019s defence industry; avoid excessive costs and monopolies<\/strong><\/strong><em><br><\/em>Rather than focusing on national targets and market share, Germany should pursue a clear European approach to defence, prioritising cost-effectiveness and interoperability while preventing dependencies, monopolies and windfall profits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><strong>Maintain climate ambitions; strengthen EU\u2019s social dimension<\/strong><\/strong><em><br><\/em>A clear majority favour increased joint spending on social protection, climate and environmental protection, and support the EU\u2019s climate targets. Germany\u2019s European policy should therefore strengthen the EU\u2019s social dimension and actively defend its climate targets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><strong>Focus the EU budget on EU added value<\/strong><\/strong><em><br><\/em>Rather than focusing on Germany\u2019s net contribution to the EU budget, the German Government should highlight the benefits of joint investment, explain the need to fund<br>solutions at EU level and ensure that funds are spent efficiently, with a clear focus on EU added value.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-the-methodology\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Methodology<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the study &#8220;European by Default 2026 \u2013 Sovereign, Cooperative and Ambitious: Expectations for Germany\u2018s European Policy&#8221;, which is being published for the eighth time this year, pollytix strategic research gmbh surveyed 3,023 people online between 27 August and 4 September 2026 on behalf of the Heinrich B\u00f6ll Foundation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-authors\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Authors <\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"person-item person-view-author\"><div class=\"person-info-wrapper\"><div class=\"person-thumbnail\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/person\/dr-maria-skora\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/Maria-Skora_gross_Das-Progressive-Zentrum_Capital-Headshots-Berlin-1-1024x681-1-600x600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/div><h4 class=\"person-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/person\/dr-maria-skora\/\">Dr. Maria Sk\u00f3ra<\/a><\/h4><div class=\"person-position\">Policy Fellow<\/div><div class=\"person-social\"><a class=\"person-twitter\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/mariaskora\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><svg class=\"icon icon-twitter\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\"> <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/wp-content\/themes\/dpz\/assets\/images\/svg-icons2.svg#icon-twitter\"><\/use> <\/svg><\/a> <\/div><!-- .person-social --><\/div><!-- .person-info-wrapper --><div class=\"person-excerpt\">Maria Sk\u00f3ra is a policy fellow at Das Progressive Zentrum. Previously, she was Research Associate at the Institut f\u00fcr Europ\u00e4ische Politik and head of the International Dialogue program at Das Progressive Zentrum.<\/div><\/div><!-- .person-item --><div class=\"person-publications-list\"><div class=\"publication-list-item\"><h6 class=\"publication-list-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/publication\/before-the-election-insights\/\">Before the Election: Insights from the US Industrial Heartlands<\/a><\/h6><div class=\"publication-list-excerpt\">What do people in the industrial heartlands of the US Midwest actually think about politics? And what are the actual needs and concerns of these communities?<\/div><\/div><div class=\"publication-list-item\"><h6 class=\"publication-list-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/publication\/foreign-policy-for-the-middle-classes\/\">Foreign Policy for the Middle Classes: New Industrial Policy in Times of Geoeconomic Shift<\/a><\/h6><div class=\"publication-list-excerpt\">In light of the recent geo-economic shifts accelerated by the pandemic, global crises and conflicts, and the ongoing efforts to tackle the climate crisis, one group is facing particular challenges: The middle class in the former industrial heartlands across the US and Europe.<\/div><\/div><div class=\"publication-list-item\"><h6 class=\"publication-list-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/publication\/european-elections\/\">More diverse than united? A comparative analysis of the EU elections 2024<\/a><\/h6><div class=\"publication-list-excerpt\">Analysis of European Parliament election programmes and electoral campaigns, focusing on key member states in a comparative perspective.<\/div><\/div><div class=\"publication-list-item\"><h6 class=\"publication-list-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/publication\/new-progressive-ostpolitik-for-europe\/\">New Progressive Ostpolitik for Europe<\/a><\/h6><div class=\"publication-list-excerpt\">The complexity of today\u2019s situation should not discourage us from thinking bold<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- .person-publications --><div class=\"person-item person-view-author\"><div class=\"person-info-wrapper\"><div class=\"person-thumbnail\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/person\/georg-mccutcheon\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/11\/Georg-McCutcheon_cc-Stephan-Roehl-600x600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/div><h4 class=\"person-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/person\/georg-mccutcheon\/\">Georg McCutcheon<\/a><\/h4><div class=\"person-position\"><\/div><div class=\"person-social\"><\/div><!-- .person-social --><\/div><!-- .person-info-wrapper --><div class=\"person-excerpt\">Georg McCutcheon is a policy officer in the European Union and North America Unit, where he is responsible for the programme on the future of the European Union. <\/div><\/div><!-- .person-item -->\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\"><div class=\"publication-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"890\" src=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/11\/transparentselbstverstandlich-europaisch.png\" class=\"attachment-dpz-publication-cover size-dpz-publication-cover\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fe48e5de wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/European-by-Default-2026_Executive-Summary-EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Executive Summary EN<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/link.progressives-zentrum.org\/seu26\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Study (GER)<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-contact\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contact<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"person-item person-view-small\"><div class=\"person-thumbnail\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/person\/maria-menzel-meyer\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/09\/Maria-e1694076713627-600x600.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"person-title-line\"><\/div><h4 class=\"person-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/person\/maria-menzel-meyer\/\">Maria Menzel-Meyer<\/a><\/h4><div class=\"person-position\">Co-Lead Policy Advising<\/div><\/div><!-- .person-item -->\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light alignfull\" style=\"min-height:304px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-light-grey-background-color has-background-dim-90 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/dpz_2022_claim_EN_positiv_72dpi.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12348\" width=\"578\" height=\"57\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center alignsmall has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">We develop and debate progressive ideas and bring together leading actors who turn thoughts into action. Our think tank\u2019s goal: making the just transformation a reality. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/about-us\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1847\">\u25b8 Learn more<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sovereign, Cooperative and Ambitious: Expectations for Germany\u2018s European Policy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","tags":[438],"class_list":["post-19707","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry","tag-europe"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>European by Default 2026 - Das Progressive Zentrum - EN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sovereign, Cooperative and Ambitious: Expectations for Germany\u2018s European Policy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/publication\/european-by-default-2026\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"European by Default 2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sovereign, Cooperative and Ambitious: Expectations for Germany\u2018s European Policy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.progressives-zentrum.org\/en\/publication\/european-by-default-2026\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Das Progressive Zentrum - 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